Spring Cleaning Your Makeup Bag: Toss Expired Products and Embrace These 4 Fresh Looks for 2025 is essential for health, efficacy, and achieving the latest beauty trends, demanding a thorough declutter of old items and a strategic adoption of updated styles for a truly revitalized appearance.

As the vibrant hues of spring usher in a season of renewal, it’s the perfect moment to extend that sense of fresh beginnings to your beauty routine, starting with a comprehensive Spring Cleaning Your Makeup Bag: Toss Expired Products and Embrace These 4 Fresh Looks for 2025. This vital refresh isn’t just about decluttering physical items; it’s an opportunity to discard outdated products, embrace new trends, and ensure your makeup collection is both safe and effective for the year ahead.

The Imperative of Makeup Decluttering: Why Toss Expired Products?

Every beauty enthusiast, from the everyday user to the professional artist, understands the allure of a new palette or a trending lipstick. However, the true mark of a meticulous beauty regimen lies in its maintenance, which inevitably includes the often-overlooked practice of purging expired products. This isn’t merely about making space; it’s a critical health and safety measure that directly impacts the efficacy and hygiene of your makeup application.

Over time, makeup products, like food, degrade. Their chemical compositions break down, preservatives become less effective, and they become breeding grounds for bacteria, mold, and yeast. Using such products risks skin irritations, breakouts, infections, and even more severe eye conditions. The “period after opening” (PAO) symbol, a small icon resembling an open jar with a number followed by ‘M’ (e.g., 6M, 12M, 24M), indicates how many months the product is safe to use after it has been opened. Ignoring this symbol is akin to consuming food past its expiration date—the risks often outweigh any perceived benefit.

Understanding the Shelf Life of Common Makeup Products

Each type of makeup product has its own unique shelf life, primarily due to variations in ingredients, water content, and packaging. Knowing these general guidelines can help you make informed decisions when it’s time to declutter.

  • Mascara and Liquid Eyeliner: These products have the shortest shelf life due to their direct contact with the eyes and the dark, moist environment of their tubes, which promotes bacterial growth. Typically, they should be replaced every 3-6 months.
  • Liquid Foundation, Concealer, and Cream Blushes: Products with a high water content are more susceptible to bacterial contamination. They generally last 6-12 months once opened. Signs of spoilage include changes in color, texture, or separation.
  • Powder Products (Blush, Eyeshadow, Bronzer): Due to their low water content, powders have a much longer shelf life, often lasting 1-2 years or even longer if stored properly and used with clean brushes. However, if they develop a hard film (“hardpan”) or unusual odor, it’s time to discard them.
  • Lipsticks and Lip Glosses: Lip products can last anywhere from 1-2 years. Glosses, especially those with wand applicators, are more prone to contamination from saliva and should be replaced more frequently than solid lipsticks.

The Dangers of Old Makeup

Beyond the simple loss of product efficacy, using old makeup carries significant health risks. From minor irritations to severe infections, the potential harm is a compelling reason to regularly clean out your makeup bag.

  • Bacterial and Fungal Infections: The most common risk is the proliferation of bacteria and fungi, which can lead to acne, rashes, pink eye (conjunctivitis), styes, and even cellulitis in severe cases.
  • Allergic Reactions: As ingredients break down over time, they can become more irritating or allergenic, even if you’ve never reacted to the product before.
  • Reduced Performance: Expired makeup doesn’t blend as smoothly, offers less pigmentation, and may not stay on as long. Foundations can separate, powders can become chalky, and mascaras can clump, making your makeup application look less than desirable.

Ultimately, a vigilant approach to purging expired makeup is fundamental to maintaining both your skin’s health and the integrity of your beauty routine. It ensures that every product you apply is fresh, effective, and safe, setting the stage for embracing new makeup trends with confidence.

Strategic Organization: Setting Up Your Revitalized Makeup Space

Once you’ve diligently purged all expired and unused products, the next crucial step in your spring cleaning journey is to strategically organize your revitalized makeup collection. Effective organization isn’t just about aesthetics; it streamlines your daily routine, protects your products, and prevents future clutter. A well-designed makeup space ensures that every item has its dedicated home, making application quicker and more enjoyable.

Before you begin arranging, take a moment to assess the quantity and types of products you have left. Categorize them logically: face products, eye products, lip products, and tools. This initial sorting will guide your organizational choices, whether you use drawers, acrylic organizers, or tiered trays. The goal is to create a system that fits your specific needs and usage patterns, ensuring easy access to frequently used items and proper storage for everything else.

Choosing the Right Storage Solutions

The market offers a plethora of storage options, each with its own advantages. Selecting the right ones depends on your space, budget, and personal preference. Consider both functionality and how they complement your decor.

  • Acrylic Organizers: Clear acrylic drawers, trays, and brush holders are popular for a reason—they allow you to see all your products at a glance, making selection effortless. They are particularly good for smaller items like lipsticks, single eyeshadows, and loose powders.
  • Drawer Dividers: If you prefer to store your makeup in drawers, adjustable dividers are invaluable. They help segment your space, preventing items from rolling around and becoming a jumbled mess. You can customize compartments for different product types or keep frequently used items separated from occasional ones.
  • Vanity Trays and Tiered Organizers: For products you use daily, a stylish vanity tray can keep them accessible on a countertop. Tiered organizers are excellent for maximizing vertical space, allowing you to store more products without taking up extensive surface area. These are ideal for brushes, mascaras, and upright bottles.

Maintaining Hygiene and Order

Effective organization goes beyond just placement; it involves ongoing hygiene practices to keep your products and tools clean and functional. Regular maintenance extends the life of your makeup and protects your skin from bacterial contamination.

  • Regular Brush Cleaning: Your brushes are perhaps the most critical component of your makeup kit when it comes to hygiene. Wash your makeup brushes at least once a week, especially those used for liquid or cream products. Use a gentle brush cleaner or mild soap and water, ensuring they are thoroughly dry before storage.
  • Wiping Down Products and Containers: Periodically wipe down your makeup product packaging with an alcohol swab, especially around openings and caps. This prevents the buildup of grime and keeps bacteria from transferring onto your skin. Similarly, wipe down your storage containers to maintain cleanliness.
  • Designated Spots for Everything: The key to sustained organization is giving every item a specific “home.” Once you’ve used a product, immediately return it to its designated spot. This simple habit prevents clutter from accumulating and makes it easier to locate items when you need them.

By implementing these strategic organizational tips, you not only create a visually appealing and functional makeup space but also ensure a more hygienic and efficient beauty routine. This foundation of order prepares you perfectly for embracing the exciting new makeup trends of 2025, allowing you to experiment with fresh looks with ease and confidence.

A neatly organized makeup drawer with acrylic dividers, showcasing various beauty products categorized by type: eye, lip, and face.

Fresh Look 1: The Luminous Skin & Soft Focus Eye

As we transition into 2025, one of the most prominent beauty trends emerging is the celebration of healthy, radiant skin complemented by a subtly enhanced, soft-focus eye. This look deviates from heavy contouring or overly dramatic eye makeup, instead favoring a natural luminosity and a gentle, ethereal touch. It’s about enhancing your natural features rather than masking them, creating an approachable yet refined aesthetic perfect for any occasion.

This trend emphasizes a skincare-first approach, where a well-hydrated and primed canvas is paramount. The focus shifts from full-coverage foundations to lighter formulations that allow your skin’s natural texture to peek through. The eyes, while not heavily made up, receive attention in a way that opens and defines them with a delicate touch, avoiding harsh lines or overwhelming colors.

Achieving the Luminous Base

The foundation of this look is a glowing complexion. Start with a hydrating primer infused with light-reflecting particles to create an immediate natural sheen. Instead of a thick foundation, opt for a tinted moisturizer, a skin tint, or a light-to-medium coverage foundation that provides just enough coverage to even out skin tone without feeling heavy. Apply with a damp beauty sponge or your fingertips for a seamless, skin-like finish.

  • Strategic Concealing: Use a creamy, blendable concealer only where needed—under eyes, around the nose, or on any blemishes. Blend meticulously with your finger or a small brush to blur imperfections rather than fully cover them.
  • Cream Products are Key: For blush and highlight, cream formulas are essential. A cream blush applied to the apples of your cheeks creates a healthy, flushed look that melts into the skin. A liquid or cream highlighter dabbed onto the high points of your face—cheekbones, brow bone, cupid’s bow—adds a dewy, non-glittery luminescence.
  • Minimal Setting: Lightly set the T-zone with a translucent, finely milled powder if necessary, but avoid powdering the entire face to maintain that coveted luminous finish.

Crafting the Soft Focus Eye

The eyes in this look are understated yet impactful, focusing on soft definition rather than bold statements. This involves subtle washes of color and gentle shaping that enhance the eye’s natural beauty.

  • Subtle Eyeshadow Shades: Choose matte or satin eyeshadows in neutral tones—soft browns, warm taupes, or delicate peaches. Apply a wash of color across the lid and blend softly into the crease to add dimension without harsh lines. Avoid dark, defined liner for a truly soft feel.
  • Smudged Eyeliner (Optional): If you desire a bit more definition, opt for a very thin line of brown or gray eyeliner, applied close to the lash line and then gently smudged with a pencil brush for a diffused, smoky effect.
  • Defined, Yet Natural Brows: Fill in brows with a brow pencil or powder that matches your natural hair color, focusing on creating a soft, feathered look. Brush them up for an open, airy appearance.
  • Lash Lift Effect: Curl your lashes thoroughly and apply a single coat of a lengthening mascara. The goal is separated, lifted lashes, not clumpy volume. Consider a clear or brown mascara for an even softer touch.

This luminous skin and soft focus eye look embodies an understated elegance, perfect for those who appreciate natural beauty with a sophisticated touch. It’s about radiating health and effortless grace, making it a truly timeless trend for 2025.

Fresh Look 2: Bold Lips & Barely-There Eyes

Contrasting the soft focus trend, 2025 also celebrates the resurgence of the bold lip, paired exquisitely with eyes that appear almost untouched. This look is about making a singular, striking statement with your mouth, allowing it to be the undeniable focal point of your entire face. It exudes confidence and minimalist chic, demonstrating that sometimes, less truly is more, especially when one element is allowed to shine powerfully.

The success of the bold lip & barely-there eye combination lies in its simplicity and the stark contrast it creates. While the lips command attention, the rest of the face remains clean, fresh, and understated. This isn’t just about throwing on a bright lipstick; it requires thoughtful execution to ensure the look remains polished and intentional, rather than unfinished.

Mastering the Perfect Bold Lip

The key to a captivating bold lip lies in meticulous preparation and precision application. The color choice is crucial, but so is the health and texture of your lips.

  • Lip Preparation is Essential: Start by gently exfoliating your lips to remove any dry flakes, then apply a rich lip balm. Allow it to sink in for a few minutes, then blot off any excess before applying color. Smooth lips ensure an even application and longer wear.
  • Liner for Definition and Longevity: Outline and lightly fill in your lips with a lip liner that closely matches your chosen lipstick shade. This prevents feathering, provides a clean edge, and helps the lipstick adhere better, prolonging its wear.
  • Color Selection: While “bold” can encompass many shades, popular choices for 2025 include classic reds (from deep burgundies to fiery oranges), rich berries, and unexpected fuchsias or deep plums. Choose a shade that complements your skin tone and personal style. Matte or semi-matte finishes are often preferred for their intensity and staying power.
  • Precise Application: Apply lipstick directly from the bullet, with a lip brush for ultimate precision, or dab it on with your finger for a slightly softer edge. Blot with a tissue, then apply a second layer for maximum impact and longevity.

The Art of Barely-There Eyes

With a bold lip taking center stage, the eyes recede into the background, but they are far from neglected. The goal is to make them look naturally bright and open, almost as if you’ve woken up perfectly refreshed.

  • Clean Lids: Keep eyeshadow minimal or skip it entirely. A touch of concealer on the eyelids (if prone to discoloration) followed by a setting powder can create a smooth, clean canvas. A neutral, skin-toned matte shadow can be used to even out the lid if desired.
  • Subtle Eyelash Emphasis: A single, well-curled application of a lengthening (not volumizing) mascara on top lashes is often enough. For an even more “barely there” look, a clear mascara can define lashes without adding color. Avoid heavy eyeliner, especially black, as it can detract from the lip statement.
  • Groomed Brows: Perfectly groomed, natural-looking brows frame the eyes without competing with the lips. Use a brow gel to simply comb them into place, or fill in sparse areas with a pencil or powder that mimics natural hairs for a subtle enhancement.
  • Brightening the Inner Corner: A tiny dab of a very subtle, light reflective shadow or a cream highlighter in the inner corner of the eye can instantly brighten and awaken the entire face without adding noticeable “makeup” to the eyes.

This bold lips and barely-there eyes look is a celebration of confident minimalism. It’s impactful without being overdone, proving that a single, well-executed element can be the most powerful statement of all in 2025 beauty.

Fresh Look 3: Monochromatic Soft Hues

Embracing a refined simplicity, the monochromatic soft hues trend is set to captivate in 2025 by harmonizing different elements of the face using a single color family. This approach creates a cohesive, sophisticated, and effortlessly chic look that feels both modern and timeless. It’s about achieving a gentle wash of color across eyes, cheeks, and lips, resulting in a cohesive canvas that highlights natural beauty without harsh lines or stark contrasts.

The beauty of the monochromatic trend lies in its versatility and ease of application. It simplifies makeup decisions, as you’re working within a limited color palette, yet allows for incredible depth and dimension through varying textures and finishes. This look is perfect for those who appreciate subtlety and an ethereal glow, making it ideal for daily wear or sophisticated evening events.

Selecting Your Monochromatic Palette

While the concept is singular color, the execution focuses on shades within a tonal family. The most popular choices for this trend lean towards warm, inviting tones that flatter a wide range of skin types.

  • Peach Tones: Soft, peachy hues offer a fresh, youthful glow. These are universally flattering and can warm up the complexion beautifully.
  • Rose Tones: From dusty rose to deeper berries, rose-inspired shades provide a romantic and sophisticated feel. They create a natural flush that mimics a healthy glow.
  • Bronze/Terra Cotta: Earthy bronze and terra cotta tones evoke a sun-kissed warmth, perfect for a subtle, natural, yet impactful look.

Once you’ve chosen your base color family, select products for your eyes, cheeks, and lips that fall within this range, ensuring they complement each other without being identical. Different textures—mattes, satins, and creams—will add subtle interest and dimension.

Applying the Monochromatic Look

The application technique for monochromatic makeup is about blending seamlessly and building color softly to avoid any harsh edges, promoting a gentle and diffused effect.

  • Eyes: For the eyes, use a single shade from your chosen palette across the entire lid, blending softly into the crease and along the lower lash line. A matte finish on the lid creates a soft base, while a satin or shimmer in the same tone can be dabbed onto the center of the lid for a subtle highlight. A minimal coat of mascara (brown or black) will finish the eyes without overpowering the soft aesthetic.
  • Cheeks: Apply a cream or powder blush in a coordinating shade to the apples of your cheeks, blending upwards towards the temples. The goal is a natural, healthy flush that appears to emanate from within. If using a cream product, dab it on with your fingers for a melted, skin-like finish.
  • Lips: For the lips, choose a lipstick, tint, or gloss in a shade that matches the dominant color of your eyes and cheeks. A sheer or satin finish often works beautifully, allowing your natural lip color to peek through while maintaining the cohesive theme. Apply with a light hand, or dab on for a stained effect.

The monochromatic soft hues trend in 2025 is an ode to understated elegance and harmonious balance. It’s an effortless way to look polished and put-together, with a subtle yet powerful impact that speaks volumes through whispers of coordinated color.

Fresh Look 4: Graphic Liner & Clean Canvas

As 2025 unfolds, one of the most avant-garde yet wearable trends making waves is the graphic liner paired with a clean canvas. This look is a bold statement, celebrating artistic expression and precision, where the eyeliner becomes the centerpiece of the face. It contrasts sharply with the “barely-there” aesthetic by drawing intentional lines and shapes, while keeping the rest of the complexion strikingly minimalist to allow the liner to truly shine.

This trend is about meticulous execution and deliberate design. It requires a steady hand and a clear vision, transforming the eyelid into a canvas for modern artistry. The beauty of this look is its adaptability; while it sounds dramatic, it can be scaled from a subtle, artistic flick to a full-blown geometric masterpiece, making it suitable for various occasions and personal styles, reflecting a renewed desire for playful self-expression in makeup.

Building the Clean Canvas

The success of graphic liner hinges on a pristine, unblemished base. Any distractions on the skin will detract from the sharp lines of the liner, so the focus is on perfecting the complexion with minimal product.

  • Flawless Skin Prep: Begin with a hydrating and smoothing primer to create an even surface. Opt for a light-to-medium coverage foundation or a tinted moisturizer that evens out skin tone without feeling heavy. The goal is a natural, healthy-looking complexion.
  • Targeted Concealing: Use concealer only where absolutely necessary—to cover blemishes or redness, and to brighten the under-eye area. Blend meticulously to ensure seamless integration with your foundation.
  • Matte or Natural Finish: While the previous trends embraced luminosity, for this look, a natural matte or satin finish for the skin is often preferred. This ensures that the eyes are the star, free from competition from excessive dewiness. Lightly set the T-zone with a translucent powder if needed.
  • Subtle Cheeks and Lips: Keep blush and highlight very subtle, if used at all. A soft, neutral blush provides a touch of warmth without drawing attention, and highlight should be minimal. For lips, a neutral lip balm, a sheer nude lipstick, or a lip tint that matches your natural lip color will perfect the balance, giving the liner all the focus.

Mastering Graphic Liner Techniques

The graphic liner is the heart of this look, allowing for immense creativity. Whether you choose a classic black or experiment with vibrant colors, precision is paramount.

  • Product Choice: A liquid eyeliner with a precise brush or felt tip is ideal for crisp lines. Gel liners with a fine-tipped brush also offer excellent control. For more intricate designs, a liquid pot liner might be preferred. Consider traditional black for a sharp contrast or experiment with white, neon, or metallic liners for an even bolder statement.
  • Variations of Graphic Liner:
    • Floating Crease: A line drawn just above the natural crease, extending from the inner to the outer corner, or just outlining the outer half of the eye.
    • Negative Space Liner: Creating shapes or wings by outlining areas, leaving the skin visible within the design. This can involve a double wing or an open-ended “cut-crease” line.
    • Geometric Shapes: Experimenting with dots, triangles, or other geometric forms on the lid or outer corner for an avant-garde touch.
  • Practice and Patience: Graphic liner demands practice. Use a steady hand, and don’t be afraid to use a cotton swab with a tiny bit of micellar water to clean up any mistakes. Start with simpler designs and gradually build up to more complex artistry. Consistency and symmetry are key.

The graphic liner and clean canvas trend for 2025 is a testament to individuality and modern beauty. It’s a powerful way to express creativity, allowing your eyes to tell a story with sophisticated lines and shapes, while maintaining an air of elegant simplicity elsewhere on the face.

A close-up of an eye with a perfectly executed graphic black eyeliner, featuring a sharp, artistic wing, set against very clean and natural-looking skin.

Maintaining Your Makeup Collection Between Seasons

While a comprehensive spring cleaning is an excellent annual ritual, maintaining your makeup collection throughout the year is crucial for its longevity, hygiene, and overall effectiveness. Think of it as a continuous, low-intensity decluttering and organizing process that prevents the accumulation of expired products and ensures your tools remain in pristine condition. Regular maintenance not only protects your investment in beauty products but also safeguards your skin health, preventing issues that arise from using contaminated or degraded makeup.

This ongoing attention helps you stay aware of what you own, what you use regularly, and what might be nearing its end-of-life. It fosters a more mindful approach to consumption, encouraging you to finish products before buying new ones and to use what you have efficiently. Ultimately, consistent maintenance prevents the overwhelming task of a major annual overhaul, making beauty management a seamless part of your routine.

Everyday Habits for Product Longevity

Small, consistent actions can significantly extend the life of your makeup and keep it performing at its best. These practices are easy to incorporate into your daily or weekly beauty regimen.

  • Close Lids Tightly: Always ensure caps and lids are securely fastened after each use. This prevents air exposure, which can dry out cream and liquid products, causing them to degrade faster or harbor bacteria.
  • Avoid Pumping Mascara: Pumping your mascara wand in and out of the tube introduces air and accelerates the drying process, as well as introducing more bacteria. Instead, gently swirl the wand inside to coat it with product.
  • Store in Cool, Dry Places: Heat and humidity are enemies of makeup. Avoid storing products in direct sunlight, hot cars, or steamy bathrooms for prolonged periods. A cool, dry drawer or cabinet is ideal.
  • Use Clean Hands/Tools: Always wash your hands before applying makeup or dipping into pots and jars. For potted products, use a clean spatula or applicator instead of your fingers to minimize bacterial transfer.

Regular Mini-Purges and Spot Checks

Beyond the major spring clean, schedule smaller, more frequent checks of your makeup products. These mini-purges are less daunting and help you quickly identify items that need to be retired.

  • Monthly Review: Once a month, quickly go through your most frequently used products. Check mascaras, liquid liners, and foundations for changes in smell, texture, or separation. If in doubt, toss it out.
  • Brush and Sponge Deep Cleans: While weekly surface cleaning of brushes is important, schedule a deeper cleanse once a month. For sponges, consider replacing them every 1-3 months, as they are notorious for trapping bacteria.
  • Look for PAO Symbols: Keep track of when you opened products with PAO symbols. A small label with the opening date stuck on the bottom of the container can be incredibly helpful for managing shelf life.

By integrating these maintenance habits into your routine, you ensure that your makeup collection remains fresh, functional, and safe for use. This continuous care not only protects your skin’s health but also ensures you’re always ready to experiment with new looks, making your beauty journey a consistently enjoyable and hygienic experience.

Key Point Brief Description
🧼 Product Purge Regularly check and discard expired makeup to prevent skin issues and maintain efficacy.
✨ Luminous Skin Emphasize healthy, glowing skin with sheer foundations and cream products for a natural look.
💄 Bold Lip Focus Make a statement with a precise, vibrant lip, keeping eye makeup minimal to maximize impact.
🎨 Graphic Liner Experiment with artistic eyeliner designs on a clean, perfected base for a modern, expressive look.

Frequently Asked Questions

How frequently should I spring clean my makeup bag?

While an annual deep spring cleaning is highly recommended to thoroughly assess and reorganize your entire collection, mini-purges should ideally be done monthly or bi-monthly. This helps catch expired mascaras, foundations, and other liquid products more quickly, preventing the buildup of bacteria and ensuring your key products are always fresh and effective for a safe beauty routine.

What are the most crucial signs that a makeup product has expired?

Key signs of expiration include changes in texture (separation, clumping, dryness), unusual odors (rancid, chemical, or off-smelling), and color shifts. For liquid products, visible mold or strange growths are clear indicators. Always check the PAO (Period After Opening) symbol on the packaging, as it’s a reliable guide for when a product is no longer safe to use after its initial opening.

Can I extend the life of my makeup products with proper storage?

Yes, proper storage can significantly help. Keep all makeup products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, extreme temperatures, and excessive humidity. Tightly close lids after each use to prevent air exposure and contamination. While storage can help maintain product quality, it cannot indefinitely extend a product’s life beyond its inherent shelf stability or the recommended PAO.

What is “luminous skin” and how do I achieve it with makeup?

Luminous skin refers to a healthy, radiant complexion that appears naturally glowing and hydrated, rather than glittery or oily. To achieve it, opt for hydrating primers, tinted moisturizers or light-coverage foundations, and cream-based blushes and highlighters. Strategic placement of highlighter on high points of your face and minimal powder application will enhance this dewy, inner-glow effect, perfecting the look.

Are the 2025 makeup trends appropriate for everyday wear?

Absolutely. While some trends like graphic liner can be adapted for dramatic looks, all four fresh looks presented for 2025 (Luminous Skin, Bold Lips, Monochromatic Hues, Graphic Liner) can be softened for daily wear. The key is to adjust the intensity of application and choose more subdued shades or simpler designs to fit a casual or professional setting, making them versatile and accessible for everyone.

Conclusion

Embarking on a spring cleaning journey for your makeup bag transcends mere organization; it’s a commitment to health, efficacy, and embracing the evolving landscape of beauty. By diligently tossing expired products and understanding the lifespan of your cosmetics, you safeguard your skin and ensure every application is fresh and impactful. The integration of 2025’s fresh looks—from luminous skin to bold lips, monochromatic elegance, and edgy graphic liners—offers a diverse palette for self-expression. Ultimately, a clean makeup bag and a mindful approach to trends empower you to refresh your aesthetic with confidence, ensuring your beauty routine remains both safe and spectacularly chic.

Maria Eduarda

A journalism student and passionate about communication, she has been working as a content intern for 1 year and 3 months, producing creative and informative texts about decoration and construction. With an eye for detail and a focus on the reader, she writes with ease and clarity to help the public make more informed decisions in their daily lives.